Humilde inquilino de CC Artea consigue parar deshaucio a Merlin Properties

La adopción de una renta variable sobre ventas mientras dura la pandemia parece lo más razonable para salir adelante de esta crisis pero es inaceptable para la socimi

El juzgado de instrucción número tres de Getxo ha ordenado frenar el desahucio de un inquilino comercial del centro Artea, propiedad de la inmobiliaria con mayor volumen de negocio en EspañaMerlin Properties, con motivo de la crisis provocada por el coronavirus, en un auto del 1 de octubre.

Se trata de la primera suspensión judicial de un desahucio de inquilino comercial (en este caso, una pyme) en España vinculada a la covid. Anteriormente, otros jueces habían accedido a aceptar otras peticiones de inquilinos como un aplazamiento parcial en el pago de rentas y la suspensión de la ejecución de avales bancarios ante la falta de acuerdo entre las partes en el contexto provocado por la pandemia.

En este caso de desahucio, Merlin había ordenado el lanzamiento tras no alcanzar un acuerdo sobre el pago de las rentas afectadas por el coronavirus con el inquilino.

La existencia de una pandemia por coronavirus no puede asociarse a un riesgo inherente a los contratos por su carácter de imprevisible»

El juez ha suspendido el desahucio hasta una resolución judicial final sobre la demanda de la pyme de vincular el pago de la renta a la proporción en que han evolucionado y evolucionan sus ingresos por el impacto de la pandemia. El juzgado entiende que permitir ahora el desahucio ocasionaría «un grave perjuicio» al inquilino.

«La existencia de una pandemia por coronavirus no puede asociarse a un riesgo inherente a los contratos por su carácter de imprevisible y su excepcional manifestación ante la intensidad del fenómeno», esgrime el auto del juzgado de Getxo para justificar la suspensión del lanzamiento, aludiendo a la cláusula legal rebus sic stantibus (estando así las cosas).

«Esta operatividad de estas circunstancias se plasma como una causa de fuerza mayor, pero, sobre todo, con las características de imprevisible e inesperada que vienen a modificar las circunstancias iniciales del contrato y que atempera y modula esos incumplimientos por razón de las circunstancias».

Vincular rentas a los ingresos

El inquilino referido en Artea, asesorado por el despacho Fieldfisher Jausas, se ha negado a entrar en la propuesta de rentas para 2020 y 2021 de Merlin, aceptada por el 91% de sus usuarios de centros comerciales (la media del sector es de un 77%).

La socimi cotizada en el Ibex 35 con activos por valor de 12.751 millones propuso a sus inquilinos un plan de bonificaciones total durante el confinamiento ‘duro’ y progresivo después (desde un 60% en junio hasta un 10% en diciembre). A cambio, los clientes de la inmobiliaria debían renovar sus contratos para todo 2021 y renunciar a iniciar acciones legales. 

Fuentes cercanas a Merlin han insistido en que «será la Justicia la que decida» y la empresa está «tranquila»

Al menos otro cliente de Fieldfisher Jausas está entre quienes han rechazado la propuesta de Merlin. Entiende que sus ventas habrán caído más de un 50% de media durante este año y otro 30% en 2021; reclama vincular los alquileres a las ventas y/o alcanzar un acuerdo parcial sobre las rentas de 2020 y no renunciar a una posible demanda vía cláusula rebus sic stantibus en 2021.

Fieldfisher Jauses encabeza la Plataforma de Afectados por la covid-19 en centros comerciales de España (PAC), en la que están representadas unas 350 pymes de todo el país.

Modelo socimi y nuevas cláusulas

Fuentes cercanas a Merlin han insistido en que «será la Justicia la que decida» y la empresa está «tranquila» ya que ha ayudado a sus inquilinos a un nivel sensiblemente superior a la media del sector.

Entienden además que no puede ofrecer planes de pago ad hoc para cada inquilino ni rentas variables. Eso, inciden, va contra el modelo socimi (de inmobiliarias cotizadas), ahuyentaría a los inversores internacionales que apuestan por él y sería un punto de desequilibrio para el propietario

precio alquileres

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